What is fibromyalgia?

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Fibromyalgia is a long-term condition characterised by widespread pain and increased sensitivity to pain. It can also involve fatigue, disrupted sleep, difficulty concentrating and other symptoms.

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The condition affects people differently. Some people are most troubled by pain, while others find that exhaustion, poor sleep or cognitive difficulties have the greatest impact on everyday life.

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What causes fibromyalgia?

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The exact cause of fibromyalgia is not fully understood. Research suggests that changes in the way the central nervous system processes pain may be involved, alongside other contributing factors.

 

Symptoms sometimes begin following an illness, injury or period of significant stress, although there may be no obvious trigger.

 

Dr Raymond Perrin has developed a model involving the autonomic nervous system and neuro-lymphatic drainage. This model informs the Perrin Technique, but it should be understood as a proposed explanation rather than a universally established cause of fibromyalgia.

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the model proposed by Dr Raymond Perrin, an osteopath (his doctorate is a research degree, not a medical qualification)

 

What are the most common symptoms?

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Widespread pain is the main symptom. Other commonly reported symptoms include:

• Increased sensitivity to pain or touch.

• Fatigue and low energy.

• Difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep.

• Muscle stiffness.

• Brain fog, including problems with concentration or memory.

• Headaches or migraines.

• Digestive symptoms, including those associated with IBS.

• Feelings of frustration, anxiety or low mood.

 

Symptoms can fluctuate and may overlap with other conditions. Read our dedicated guide to fibromyalgia symptoms for more detail.

 

How is fibromyalgia diagnosed?

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There is no single test that confirms fibromyalgia. A GP will usually consider your symptoms, medical history and examination findings. Blood tests or other investigations may be used to look for alternative explanations for your symptoms.

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This matters because conditions such as inflammatory arthritis, thyroid problems and other health issues can produce some similar symptoms. Fibromyalgia can also coexist with other diagnoses.

An osteopathic consultation is not a replacement for medical diagnosis.

 

Is fibromyalgia the same as ME/CFS?

 

No. Fibromyalgia and ME/CFS can share symptoms, including fatigue, poor sleep and difficulties with concentration, and some people have both conditions.

 

Widespread pain is central to fibromyalgia. ME/CFS is particularly associated with post-exertional malaise, in which symptoms

worsen after exertion and the effects may be delayed.

 

The distinction matters when discussing your symptoms and the support that may be appropriate. Our guide to fibromyalgia and related conditions explains these overlaps in more detail.

 

What is the Perrin Technique?

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The Perrin Technique is a specialised osteopathic approach developed by Dr Raymond Perrin. It is based on his proposed model of how the autonomic nervous system and neuro-lymphatic drainage may relate to symptoms associated with ME/CFS and fibromyalgia.

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The approach combines a detailed history and physical assessment with hands-on techniques involving areas such as the back, ribcage, neck and head, alongside other relevant tissues and pathways. An individual home programme may also be recommended.

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The assessment helps the practitioner consider how to apply the approach in the context of the person's symptoms and circumstances.

 

Can the Perrin Technique help with fibromyalgia?

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The Perrin Technique is used by trained practitioners to support people with fibromyalgia, but individual responses vary. It should not be presented as a guaranteed treatment or cure.

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If you are considering it, an initial consultation provides an opportunity to discuss your symptoms, medical history and what treatment would involve. You should continue appropriate medical care and discuss any changes to your wider treatment plan with your healthcare team.

 

Does treatment only focus on the painful area?

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The Perrin Technique takes an osteopathic approach that considers several areas of the body rather than focusing exclusively on the site of pain. Techniques may involve the back, ribcage, neck, head and other relevant tissues.

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The specific approach depends on the assessment. The aim is to select techniques that are appropriate to the individual rather than apply the same routine to everyone.

 

How many appointments will I need?

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There is no single number of appointments that is right for every person. Frequency depends on the initial assessment, your circumstances and how you respond over time.

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Some patients begin with regular appointments during an initial period of assessment and review. The plan may then be adjusted according to progress and individual needs.

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During a consultation, you can discuss the proposed frequency, costs and how treatment will be reviewed before deciding whether to proceed.

 

Is the Perrin Technique painful?

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The techniques and pressure used depend on the individual and the treatment being carried out. Your practitioner should explain what to expect and take your comfort and feedback into account.

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If you have increased sensitivity or find hands-on treatment difficult, tell your practitioner before and during the appointment. Techniques, positioning and the duration of treatment can be considered in light of your circumstances.

You should not feel that you need to tolerate significant discomfort to make treatment worthwhile.

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